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Section 3. Nationhood 1947–99
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T1 : Outcome of the Radcliffe Award and reactions of the Pakistan and Indian governments to it. Impact on Muslims, Hindus and Sikhs
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T2 : The Canal Water Dispute, its course and resolution
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T3 : The role of UN mediation
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T4 : The division of assets between Pakistan and India
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T5 : An overview of problems with the Princely States (especially Jammu and Kashmir)
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T6 : The refugee and accommodation crisis
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T7 : Economic, social and administrative problems
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T8 : The issue of national language
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T9 : India’s reactions to these problems and their ongoing significance in later tensions/wars with India
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T10 : An assessment of Jinnah’s role and achievements as Governor-General
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T11 : Khwaja Nazimuddin
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T12 : Liaquat Ali Khan
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T13 : Ghulam Muhammad
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T14 : Iskander Mirza
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T15 : Muhammad Ayub Khan and the ‘Decade of Progress’
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T16 : Yahya Khan
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T17 : The origin, reasons and principles of the 1949 Objectives Resolution, reasons for its adoption by the Constituent Assembly and details of its Islamic provisions
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T18 : later constitutional changes (including the reasons for and the principles on which they were based), with particular reference to Islamic provisions in the 1956, 1962 and 1973 Constitutions.
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T19 : Tensions between East and West Pakistan from 1947 (including earlier problems over the Partition of Bengal)
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T20 : The rise of the Awami League
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T21 : Sheikh Mujib and Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
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T22 : The main features of Sheikh Mujib’s Six Points, reasons for their rejection
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T23 : Outline of the subsequent war, including the role of India
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Zulfikar Ali Bhutto: T24 : Controlling the army
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T25 : The Simla Agreement, 1972
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T26 : A new constitution, 1973
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T27 : Industrial, agricultural, education, health, social and administrative reforms
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T28 : His overthrow
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Zia-ul-Haq: T29 : The Islamisation programme
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T30 : Overview of the constitutional and Islamic legal position of women and ethnic and religious minorities
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T31 : Law and government, elections and issues of martial law and the Eighth Amendment
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T32 : Problems facing Zia
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T33 : The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, 1979
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Bhutto, 1988–90: T34 : Conflict with Nawaz Sharif and growth of separatist movements
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T35 : Difference with President Ishaq over judicial appointment
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T36 : Opposition ‘no confidence’ motion
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T37 : Inflation and unemployment
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T38 : Issues in Kashmir
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Bhutto, 1993–96: T40 : Kashmir tensions
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T41 : Opposition demonstrations
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T42 : Unemployment/inflation
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T43 : IMF concerns following devaluation of the Pakistan rupee
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T44 : Balance of payments issues
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T45 : Dismissal of the Chief Minister of Punjab
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T46 : Bhutto’s dismissal
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Sharif: T47 : Privatisation policy encouraged profiteering
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T48 : Problems with BCCI
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T49 : Loss of US aid following Pakistan’s criticisms during the Gulf War
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T50 : Issues in Kashmir
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T51 : Removal of Sharif and imposition of military rule
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Pakistan – a nuclear power: T52 : Nuclear weapons programme, established 1972
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T53 : Indian nuclear test, 1974
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T54 : Nuclear testing race with India
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T55 : Pakistan nuclear tests, 1987
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T56 : US concerns
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T57 : Pakistan nuclear tests, 1998
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T58 : Refusals to sign the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
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Relations with Bangladesh: T59 : Relations from 1971, residual problems from secession, e.g. repatriation and indemnity
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Relations with India: T60 : Problems and tensions from 1947 (including Jammu and Kashmir, the creation of Bangladesh, nuclear weapons, issues of trade)
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T61 : Attempts to develop more friendly relations
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Relations with Afghanistan: T62 : Issues related to Pakhtoonistan and Tribal Territory
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T63 : Daud Khan, the Pakhtoonistan issue and Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
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T64 : The Soviet invasion and its impact on Pakistan’s foreign policy in respect of the Soviet Union, the USA and Afghanistan
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T65 : The post-Soviet legacy affecting Pakistan
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Relations with Iran: T66 : Relations prior to and after Iran’s Islamic Revolution, 1979
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T67 : Trade, political and religious links
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T68 : Impact of the Islamic Revolution on Pakistan’s bilateral relations
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T69 : Iran’s role in the Regional Cooperation for Development (RCD)
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Relations with China: T70: Trade and bilateral relations
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T71 : China’s relations with India as compared to those with Pakistan
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T72 : The Karakoram Highway project
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T73 : Pakistan’s policy towards Muslim minorities in China and its impact on relations with Beijing
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Relations with USSR/Russia: T74 : Relations with the USSR and its Central Asian republics
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T75 : Impact of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan on Pakistan’s policy in respect of Afghanistan and the USA
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T76 : The development of closer ties with Russia post-1991
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T77 : Nawaz Sharif’s visit to Moscow, 1999
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Relations with USA, the UK and the Commonwealth: T78 : Relations with the USA and the UK from 1947 in relation to the (CENTO) / (SEATO) and reasons why Pakistan left/later rejoined these organisations
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T79 : The issue of non-alignment in relation to the West and the Muslim world, particularly Organisation of Islamic Conference (OIC)
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T80 : Pakistan’s relationship with the Commonwealth
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T81 : The impact of the removal of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto and the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan on relations with the USA, the UK and the Commonwealth
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Relations with the United Nations (UN): T82 : Pakistan’s place in the UN
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T83 : UN involvement with, and declarations on, Jammu and Kashmir, the Canal Water Dispute, the Indo–Pakistan Wars, war with Bangladesh
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T84 : Evaluation of the UN’s role as a peace-maker and mediator in these issues
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T85 : Overview of the function of (UNICEF), (UNESCO), (WHO), (WFP) and the part these agencies have played in the development of Pakistan