The Cambridge O-Level Biology (5090) syllabus builds understanding of living organisms, biological systems, and their interactions. It develops scientific reasoning, data interpretation, and practical investigation skills.

Students typically sit three components:

Paper 1 – Multiple Choice

This paper tests fundamental biological knowledge and understanding.

Paper 2 – Theory (Structured Questions)

This paper assesses explanation, application, and data analysis skills.

Characteristics and Classification of Living Organisms

• Features of living things.

• Classification and biodiversity.

Cell Structure and Organisation

• Plant and animal cells.

• Cell specialisation.

• Movement of substances (diffusion, osmosis, active transport).

Biological Molecules and Enzymes

• Carbohydrates, proteins, fats.

• Enzyme function and factors affecting activity.

Plant Nutrition and Transport

• Photosynthesis.

• Mineral requirements.

• Transpiration and translocation.

Human Nutrition and Transport

• Digestive system.

• Circulatory system.

• Blood components.

Respiration and Excretion

• Aerobic and anaerobic respiration.

• Kidney function and homeostasis.

Coordination and Response

• Nervous system.

• Hormones.

• Reflex actions.

Reproduction and Inheritance

• Asexual and sexual reproduction.

• Genetics and inheritance patterns.

Ecology and Environment

• Food chains and webs.

• Ecosystems.

• Human impact on the environment.

Paper 3 – Practical (or Alternative to Practical)

This paper evaluates experimental and investigative skills.

Practical Skills

• Using microscopes.

• Drawing biological diagrams.

• Interpreting graphs and tables.

• Planning and evaluating experiments.

Key Notes

• Clear biological terminology is essential.

• Diagrams must be neat and labelled correctly.

• Understanding processes is more important than memorisation.

• Linking structure to function strengthens answers.